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Tourism is often synonymous to travelling for pleasure and education. It is also a business of attracting tourists and providing for their accommodation and entertainment. In many countries, tourism is an industry for earning inland revenue and foreign exchange. The many businesses that grow concomitantly with development of tourism include airlines, shipping, hotels and restaurants, finance companies, tour operators, travel agents, car rental firms, caterers and retail establishments and together, they contribute significantly to the overall development of a country's economy and to its cultural diversification and assimilation.

Bengal had always attracted tourists. Travelers from different parts of the world had interest in this part of the world since very ancient times. They visited Bengal with varied purposes. Some came with missionary objectives, some with motives of exploring business opportunities, some came to attend seats of learning and some for meeting curiosity. Notable them were Pliny, the Elder of Greece (visited tamralipti in the first century), Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) of Egypt (gangaridai or gauda, second century), fa-hien of China (Tamralipti, 5th century), hiuen-tsang of China (mahasthan, samatata, karnasuvarna and Tamralipti, 7th century), ibn batuta of Morocco (chittagong and sonargaon, 14th century), ma huan of China (Gauda, 15th century), fei hsin of China (Chittagong and Sonargaon, 15th century), duarte barbosa of Portugal (areas alongside the ganges, early 16th century), caeser frederick of Italy (Chittagong, late 17th century), ralph fitch of England (Chittagong, late 16th century), sebastien manrique of Portugal (Chittagong, early 16th century) niccolao manucci of Italy (dhaka, mid-17th century) and Jean Tavernier of France (Dhaka, mid 17th century).

As tourism in its modern sense is a relatively recent phenomenon, it took its start in the present Bangladesh area only during the 1960s. Tourists from abroad came to see and enjoy the sea beach, scenic beauty of the landscape covered with lavish greens and the web of rivers, tribal culture, religious rituals, historical places, forests, wild life and hill resorts. The sundarbans of Bangladesh is the largest mangrove forest in the world and a natural habitat of the Royal Bengal Tiger. Bangladesh is located in an advantageous position from tourism point of view. It is in the macro Asiatic Air Traffic Corridor. Being so located it is comparatively easier for this country to share this traffic for promoting tourism. Immediately after liberation, the government of Bangladesh set up Bangladesh Parjatan Sangstha (Bangladesh Tourism Organisation), with a view to developing tourist industry in the country. The organisation was restructured into Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation in 1973. The corporation drew up a five-year plan within the framework of the first Five-Year Plan (1973-78) of economic and social development of the country to provide essential facilities and to exploit the natural attractions for increasing the inflow of tourists and make their stay in the country entertaining. Ever since the government made budgetary allocations for the corporation in all successive plans to implement programmes and activities for development of tourism.

The facilities already created by the corporation in Dhaka, Chittagong, cox's bazar, kaptai, sylhet, rangamati and elsewhere have had a considerable effect on local and foreign tourists. The number of foreigners who visited Bangladesh was 29,345 in 1979 and about 200,000 in 2000. The National Tourism Policy of 1992 considered tourism 'as an industry of due priority' and underlined a tourism development and marketing strategy. The Industrial Policy of 1999 identified tourism as a 'thrust sector'. The government encourages foreign investors in this sector both in the form of joint venture and as 100% foreign investment.

Bangladesh offers tourists a variety of attractions in almost every part of the country. In rajshahi, the Bara Kuthi on the bank of the padma and the varendra research museum are among the main attractions for the lovers of antiquity. The silk factory of the bangladesh sericulture board is another place of interest for the tourists. The important group of Islamic monuments of medieval Bengal at gaur is situated on the border of Rajshahi. Gaur is 88 km from Rajshahi town and takes about 3 hours' drive by road. The Department of Archaeology of the government took over the Gaur monuments scattered over an area of more than 6 sq km. The Sultanate monuments of Gaur include mainly the darasbari mosque (built in 1470), the darasbari madrasa, dhunichawk mosque, chhota sona mosque (1493-1538), khania dighi or Rajbibi Mosque. puthia is situated about 29 km off Rajshahi town on the way to natore. A fine group of late medieval Hindu temples is located at Puthia. Among these, the Gobinda Temple (built in 1825-95) and the Shiva Temple (1823) are important. Puthia Palace, built by hemantakumari devi in 1895, is also an elegant building worth visiting.

The famous dighapatia rajbari, about two kilometres north of Natore, has been restored and is now designated as Uttara Gana Bhaban (People's House for the northern region) used by the head of state or government when occasion arises. This vast palace occupying an area of 43 acres of land was originally the palace of the Maharaja of Dighapatia. The Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation's package tour to the northwestern region includes it for overnight stay. The natore rajbari (Boro Taraf and Chhoto Taraf Palaces) is also worth visiting.

paharpur is a small village 5 km west of jamalganj railway station. Here the remains of the largest known monastery south of the himalayas have been excavated. This 7th century archaeological find covers approximately an area of 27 acres of land. The entire establishment occupies a quadrangular court measuring more than 900 sq ft and from 12 ft to 15 ft in height. With elaborate gateway complex on the north, there are 45 cells on the north and 44 in each of the other three sides with a total number of 177 rooms. The architecture of the pyramidal cruciform temple is profoundly influenced by those of Southeast Asia, especially Myanmar and Java. It took its name from a high mound, which looked like pahar or hillock. A site museum built recently houses the representative collection of objects recovered from the area.

mahasthangarh is located at a distance of 18 km north of bogra town. It is the oldest archaeological site of Bangladesh on the western bank of river karatoya. The spectacular site is an imposing landmark in the area having a fortified enclosure. Beyond the fortified area, other ancient ruins fan out within a semicircle of about 8 km radius. Several isolated mounds govinda bhita Temple, khodar pathar bhita, mankalir kunda dhap, Parsuram's Palace and Jiyat Kunda surround the fortified city. This 3rd century BC archaeological site is still held to be of great sanctity by Hindus. Until recently, thousands of Hindu devotees joined the bathing ceremony on the bank of river Karatoya every year (mid-April). A visit to the Mahasthangarh site museum opens up a wide variety of antiquities, ranging from terracotta objects to gold ornaments and coins recovered from the site. At a short distance from the monastery there was a stupa built by Asoka on the site where Buddha explained his laws to the Devas. The bhasu vihara was visited by the Chinese traveler Huen Tsang sometime in the middle of 7th century. Mahasthangarh is also famous for a Mazar-sharif (holy grave) of a Muslim saint situated on the top of a hillock.

The beautiful kantanagar temple near dinajpur town was built by Maharaja Pran Nath of Dinajpur in 1752. It was originally a nava-ratna (nine-towered) temple, crowned with richly ornamented towers. Unfortunately, these ornate towers collapsed during an earthquake at the end of 19th century. In spite of this, the monument claims to be the finest extant example of its type in brick and terracotta built by Bengali artisans. Every inch of wall surface both inside and outside of the temple is profusely decorated with exquisite terracotta plaques, representing flora, fauna, geometric motifs and figures.

The historic mosque-city of bagerhat is located about 25 kilometres southeast of khulna. Bagerhat was founded by Saint Ulugh khan jahan in early 15th century. Khan Jahan adorned his city with many mosques, bridges, roads, palaces, mausoleums and other public buildings. Among the many surviving monuments of Khan Jahan, shatgumbad mosque is the most magnificent and largest brick mosque in Bangladesh.

As the largest contiguous area of mangrove forest in the world, the Sundarbans are unique and not found elsewhere in the south Asia region. Sundarbans are famous for the Royal Bengal tiger, numerous deer, crocodiles, birds and other animals. With a picturesque hinterland of large hill-forests and lakes, Chittagong is the second largest city of Bangladesh and a busy international seaport. It has many attractive places of interest like the shrine of bayazid bostami, World War II cemetery, Foy's Lake, Ethnological Museum, Zia Memorial Museum, Patenga Beach and sitakunda.

With miles of golden sands, towering cliffs, surfing waves, rare conch shells, colourful pagodas, Buddhist temples and tribes, delightful sea food and world's longest unbroken (120 km) beach sloping gently down to the blue waters of the bay of bengal against the picturesque background of a chain of hills covered with deep green forests, Cox's Bazar, 152 km south of Chittagong, is one of the most attractive tourist spots. Visits to the fascinating picnic spot at Himchhari, teknaf, southernmost tip of Bangladesh, Buddhist temple at ramu and nearby islands of Sonadia, st martin's island and Moheskhali are sure to be experiences of a lifetime.

The Hill districts of rangamati, khagrachhari and bandarban with their perennial forests, emerald-blue waters of kaptai lake, colourful tribal life and culture, attractive handicraft of the artisans beckon one to a world of panoramic beauty.

A pleasant and picturesque drive of 64 km from Chittagong brings to a huge expanse of blue water ringed with tropical forests. It is the famous man-made Kaptai Lake (680 sq km) formed by damming the karnafuli river. Only 3 km from Kaptai along Chittagong Road lies the ancient Chit Morong Buddhist temple having beautiful Buddhist statues. sylhet town is located 350 km northeast of Dhaka between Khasi-Jaintia Hills and the Tripura Hills. Sylhet district is famous for tea production. Sylhet is considered to be a holy city by the Muslims because of the mazars (graves) of saint shah jalal (R), shah paran (R) and others.

About eight km to the west of comilla town which is situated 114 km southeast of Dhaka lies a range of low hills known as Mainamati-Lalmai ridge, an extensive centre of Buddhist culture. At Shalvan in the middle of the ridge, excavations laid bare a large Buddhist vihara and imposing central shrine. It has revealed valuable information about the rule of the Chandra and Deva dynasties, which flourished here from the 7th to 12th century. The whole range of hillocks run for about 18 km and is studded with more than 50 sites. bangladesh academy for rural development (BARD) founded by akhter hameed khan was established nearby in 1959 and is known for its pioneering role in cooperative movement.

Dhaka is famous for its archaeological and historical sites. In its present location on the bank of river buriganga, Dhaka was founded and made the provincial Mughal capital in 1608. It enjoyed this status till 1717. The lalbagh fort or Fort Aurangabad, was constructed by Prince Muhammad Azam, Viceroy of Bengal and third son of Mughal emperor aurangzeb, in 1678 and his successor, shaista khan. The decorative walls and gates, a fine masonry tank, the audience hall, mosque, tomb of Pari Bibi are important tourist attractions inside the fort. husaini dalan, the famous imambara of the Shiah Community, a faction of Muslims, is located behind the dhaka medical college and hospital. It was probably built around 1642. bara katra, one of the most important remains of the Mughal period, is situated on the north bank of the river Buriganga at Chawk Bazar. Built in 1644 by Abdul Qasim, Diwan of Shah Shuja, the Katra was so great in its beauty that its inscription states that it puts 'High Heaven' to shame. chhota katra is situated about 200 yards east of Bara Katra. It was built in 1663 by Shaista Khan. Habiganj Fort (also called Fort of khizrpur) is situated at Habiganj at narayanganj, then on the western bank of the shitalakshya. sonakanda fort is situated on the eastern bank of the river Shitalakshya about a mile further downstream. Both the forts exist in an excellent state of preservation and still bear the memories of the famous isa khan and mir jumla. The successor of Shaista Khan, Nawab ibrahim khan 2nd built the jinjira palace around 1689-97. It stood on the other side of the river Buriganga opposite Bara Katra. The two palaces were said to have been connected by a wooden bridge across the river. The palace was surrounded by a moat.

sonargaon, an old capital, is about 26 km east of Dhaka, close to the highway to Chittagong. About a mile from the turning, is the village of Mograpara, which contains many old ruins. ahsan manzil or the Nawab Bari is situated on the bank of the river Buriganga. The palace was originally built in 1872 by Nawab abdul ghani. The old building was reconstructed after it was heavily damaged by a tornado in 1888. Recently the building has been taken over by the government and made into a museum.

baldah garden is a unique creation of Narendra Narayan Roy, the late landlord of Baldha. Established in 1904 at Wari in Dhaka City (opposite the Christian cemetery), the garden with its rich collection of indigenous and exotic plants is one of the most exciting attractions for naturalists and tourists. The National botanical garden at Mirpur, near the Dhaka Zoo, is spread over an area of 205 acres of land and has a large collection of local and foreign plants. Outstanding attractions are 100 varieties of roses, 100 varieties of bamboo, many varieties of sandalwood and an old banyan tree. It is a quiet place away from the main city to meet nature. Dhaka zoological garden, popularly known as Mirpur Zoo and located at a distance of about 16 km from the city centre was established on 230 acres of land. It houses nearly 1,400 animals and birds belonging to 124 species, the latest addition being the Kangaroo and Tapir. Busy enclosures are those of lions, Royal Bengal Tiger, panthers, deer, monkeys, chimpanzees, pythons, crocodiles, elephants and colourful birds. The National Park at Bhawal, 40 km north of Dhaka on the highway to mymensingh, is an ideal spot for visitors, artists, photographers, ornithologists and tourists. It has a 16,000-acre recreational forest. Main flora is garjan (Assam sal) and the fauna include small bears, monkeys, porcupines, foxes, pythons, lizards and birds.

The bangladesh national museum was established as Dhaka Museum at Nimtali in 1913 and was shifted to its new imposing building at Shahbagh, Dhaka in 1983. It contains a large collection of sculptures and paintings of the Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim periods, old coins, metal images, ivory and silver filigree works, textiles including the world famous muslin fabric, embroidered quilt (nakshi kantha), arms and ammunitions of the bygone warriors, varieties of fine handicrafts and models of the village and town life, contemporary paintings and sculptures. The valuable articles of the heroic liberation war of Bangladesh are also there.

The Folk Art Museum at Sonargaon was established in 1975 to fulfil the dream of the celebrated painter zainul abedin. The museum has a very rich collection of folk objects of different materials and forms of aesthetic and utilitarian value. These undoubtedly reflect the sentiments, impulses, temperament moods, idiosyncrasies, skills and expertise of the artists and artisans.

The Ethnological Museum in Chittagong houses objects of 12 different tribes of Bangladesh and also of many tribes of Australia, India and Pakistan. There are small archaeological museums at Lalbagh Fort, Mahasthangarh, Paharpur and Mainamati.

The Varendra Museum at Rajshahi has a rich collection of objects of Mohenjodaro and also of the 16th to 19th centuries. Its rich collection contains interesting objects of Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim heritage. The Tribal Cultural Museum in the Hill Tracts region was established at Rangamati town in 1978 and is run by the Tribal Cultural Institute. It preserves valuable objects and articles of different tribes depicting their socioeconomic cultural and historical tradition. These include typical tribal Dresses, ornaments, arms and ammunition, coins, statues made of wood, bronze and other metals, musical instruments, ivory products, handicraft, and paintings of tribal life.

Dhaka has several excellent cinema halls, which screen British, American, and Bangladeshi films. All district towns have their own cinema halls. Bengali and translated western plays are staged frequently. Cultural shows are quite frequently organised at several venues like Mohila Samity, Guide House and British Council auditorium.

Most festivals in Bangladesh sprung from religious rituals, but the fairs have their roots in the very heart of the people, irrespective of religion, caste or creed. The biggest Muslim festival of the country is eid-ul fitr, followed by eid-ul azha. Other widely celebrated Muslim rites are Eid-e-Miladunabi, shab-e-barat, ashura (I0th day of muharram), and Jamat-ul-Wida. Festivals like durga puja of Hindus, christmas of Christians, buddha purnima of Buddhists are also celebrated with fervour. Among the non-religious festivals Bengali New Year's Day, Victory Day (16 December) and Independence Day (26 March) are celebrated nation wide. All these festivals are marked as public holidays. Other national holidays are ekushey february (21st February, International Mother Language Day in memory of the martyrs of the Bengali language movement), and May Day. At langalband near Sonargaon (about 27 km from Dhaka) a very sacred festival is observed by the Hindu community every year on the last day of Chaitra (last Bengali month) by way of bathing in the water of the Shitalakshya.

Pink pearls are the best buy in Dhaka. These natural pearls are unparalleled in lustre. A wide range of gold and silver ornaments, and silver filigree work are favoured by many travelers. Among the best buys are brass and copperware trays, wall decorations and vases with delicate hand-made engravings and filigree work. Products made from the hides and skins of animals and reptiles, intricate wood carvings, cane and bamboo products, conch shell bangles, embroidered quilts, jamdani and silk fabrics are also popular.

Western food is available at all major hotels and restaurants in larger cities. But local dishes are more exotic and tasty. Misti dohi (sweetened yogurt), a variety of halwas (sweetened pastes) made from egg, carrot, sooji or wheat cream, almond, pistachio, and nuts, sandesh, jorda, firni or rice flour cooked in milk, sugar and flavouring. rasgolla, kalojam and rosmalai are favourite sweets. Varieties of pithas such as chitoi, dhupi, takti, andosha, puti, bhapa and pua are available, but the most artistic and attractive is nakshi pitha. Among the fruits the most delicious are mango, litchi, banana, papaya, jackfruit, watermelon, pineapple, coconut and orange.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

Chandpur District is an administrative region of Chittagong Division of the south-east of Bangladesh. Padma, Meghna and Dakatiya River joint together at the bay of Chandpur District.

The people Chandpur are famous for hospitality. As a breeding area of elish (hilsha) fish, Chandpur is called "Ilisher House". Until 1984, it was part of the greater Comilla.

In the History of naming Chandpur

At the Time of Bar Bhuiya the Chandpur area was under the tax rular of Bikrampur jomidur. He set up a governing control in this region. According to Historic J. M. Sengupta, by the name of Chandray region name become Chandpur.

Another opinion, by the name of Chand Fakir from Purindpur mahalla, Chandpur City, Coralia region name has been taken as Chandpur.

According to another opinion, an administrator with the name of Shah Ahmed Chand, come here from Delhi in the 15th century. the city named as Chandpur to his honor.

Bangladesh National Fish is Hilsha. According to World Fisher Observation, 65 percent of the world's total hilsha fish are generated in Bangladesh. In India 15 percent, 10 percent in Myanmar, the Arabian Sea is Elish and the rest of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean countries are caught.

Hilsha fish production from 11 countries, only Bangladesh Hilsha fish production is fastest growing. It is due to geographic location & deep rivers of Padma than the production in 11 countries in the world.

But this time Hilsha fish has been recognized as a product of Bangladesh's patent, design and Trademark's Directorate. As a result, demand for Hilsh fish in international region is strong.

Bangladesh's Hilsha fish has been recognized as the product of geographical indicator (GI). As a result, Hilsha fish will be recognized as a product of Bangladesh in the middle of the globe.

The patent design also confirmed the recognition of the Trademark Office. The directorate said all processes of Hilsha fish registration have been completed in the form of geographical indicator products.

There are 8 Upazilas(Sub-District), 7 Municipalities, 60 Wards, 275 Mahalla, 89 Unions and 1226 Villages in Chandpur district.

**8 Upazilas(Sub-District) in Chandpur district are as follows:

1. Chandpur Sadar Upazila
2. Hajiganj Upazila
3. Kachua Upazila
4. Faridganj Upazila
5. Mutalat North Upazila
6. Mutlab South Upazila
7. Haimchar Upazila
8. Shahrasti Upazila

**7 Municipalities of Chandpur District are as follows:

1. Chandpur Municipality
2. Hajiganj Municipality
3. Kachua Municipality
4. Faridganj Municipality
5. Mutlab North Municipality
6. Mutlab South Municipality
7. Shahrasti Municipality

*Total of 89 Unions in Chandpur district:

Chandpur Municipality: Total 14 Unions. They are as follows:

Vishnupur, Ashiqati, Kalyanpur, Shah Mahmoodpur, Rampur, Moishadi, Tarpurchandi, Bagadi, Balia, Rajkumar, Ibrahimpur, Chandra, Hanachar and Rajrajeshwar.

Hajiganj Municipality: Total 12 Unions. They are as follows:

Rajargaon North, Bakila, Kalchoon North, Kalchoon South, Hajiganj Sadar, Barkul East, Barkul West, Hatila East, Sughtarpur North, Sughtarpur South, Hatila West and 12 villages (New).

Kachua Municipality: Total 12 Unions. They are as follows:

Sachar, Pathair, Bitara, Palakhale, Sahadepur West, Kachua North, Kachua South, Kadla, Kadya, Gohat North, Gohat South and Ashrafpur.

Faridganj Municipality: Total 15 Unions. They are as follows:

Balithuba West, Balithuba East, Subidpur East, Subidpur West, Gupti East, Gupti West, Pikepara North, Pikepara South, Gobindpur North, Gobindpur South, Char Sadia East, Char Sadiya West, Faridganj South, Rupsa North and Rupsa South.

Mutlab North Municipality: Total 14 Unions. They are as follows:

Sattnal, Baganbari, Sadullahpur, Durgapur, Kalakanda, Mohanpur, Ekhlachpur, Zaheerabad, Fatpur East, Fatehpur West, Faraji Kandi, Islamabad, Sultanabad and Gajra.

Mutlab South Municipality: Total 6 Unions. They are as follows:

Nayergaon North, Nayergaon South, Khadergaon, Narayanpur, Upadi North and Upadi South.

Hymchar: Total 6 Unions. They are as follows:

Gazipur, Algi Durgapur North, Algi Durgapur South, Nilkamal, Haimchar and Char Bhairabi.

Shahrasti Municipality: Total 10 Unions. They are as follows:

Tamta North, Tamta South, Meher North, Meher South, Raysri North, Raysri South, Indexpara North, Indexpara South, Chitoshi East and Chitoshi West.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

The garment trade is now a $30 billion industry. But the economy is diversifying. The services sector – including microfinance and computing – makes up 53% of the country’s GDP.

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Bangla music Radio podcast

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"We live in a world of finite resources. Changing how we consume these precious resources—safeguarding them for future generations—will require not only changing our behavior, but even learning a new language…
It all begins with words. By learning the words of this new language—the lexicon—you can start the conversation, even embrace ideas that had previously seemed foreign or irrelevant to your daily life. If you start by learning what the term food miles means, for example, the transformation begins."

“The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter,” said Mark Twain. “It’s the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.”  The language of world change is all around us. Hear it. Tune into the ever-changing lexicons that help us make better choices. As you work to move your cause forward, know this: language matters.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

I admire and My deepest honor and appreciation to the family of nation father for the secrifize they are doing for the country.

Currently, we are fully enjoying our freedom. May almighty give the nation father's family, the courage to open the truth of the war and punish the criminals.

I am still looking for revenge for the rape Pakistani army is commented to our Bengali girls and women.

It still echoes to my ear as the pain of cry like heart literally is coming off from the body. I never can forgive Pakistanis in my life.

War of Liberation, The began on 26 March 1971 and ended with the liberation of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971. The armed struggle was the culmination of a series of events, situations and issues contributing to the progressively deteriorating relations between East and West Pakistan. The questions of land reforms, state language, inter-wing economic and administrative disparities, provincial autonomy, the defense of East Pakistan and many other consequential questions had been straining the relations between the two wings of Pakistan ever since independence of the country from Britain in 1947.
The general elections of 1970 had made sheikh mujibur rahman, the leader of the awami league which bagged 167 seats out of 169 allotted for East Pakistan, the sole spokesman of the people of East Pakistan and majority leader in the Pakistan National Assembly. But the Pakistan civil and military ruling clique had refused to transfer power to the majority leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his party. Sheikh Mujib also refused to yield to the pressure put on him for undue accommodation. Sheikh's historic address on 7 March 1971 made this point quite clear to the Pakistani military junta. Then began the civil disobedience movement. Meanwhile talks started between Mujib and Yahya to resolve the outstanding issues. While holding talks, the Pakistani military junta was bringing more troops to Bangladesh and at the same time wantonly killing innocent civilians all over the country. This clearly showed that they were totally insincere about handing over power to the elected representatives of Bangladesh. No sooner the talks failed, the genocide began, with the Pakistan army's crackdown on the people of East Pakistan on the midnight of 25 March 1971. The Bengali soldiers serving in the then Pakistan Armed Forces and para militia forces declared instantly their solidarity with the people's liberation war.
The Pakistan Army was ordered to launch operation on Bengali people at midnight of 25 March. According to the plan for operation Search Light two headquarters were established. Major General Rao Farman Ali with 57 Brigade under Brigedier Arbab was responsible for operation in Dhaka city and its suburbs while Major General Khadim Raja was given the responsibility of the rest of the province. Lieutenant General Tikka Khan assumed the overall charge of the operation.
The students and the nationalist political activists put up resistance outside the cantonment. Road blocks were raised to obstruct the march of the Pakistani column to the city areas. The wireless set fitted jeeps and trucks loaded with troops groaned on the streets of Dhaka City at midnight of 25 March.
The first column of the Pakistan army faced obstruction at Farmgate about one kilometre from the cantonment due to a huge road block created by placing big tree trunks across the road. The hulks of old cars and unserviceable steam roller, were also used. Several hundred people chanted the slogan Joi Bangla which lasted for about 15 minutes. But soon guns silenced them. The army moved into the city before scheduled time and started the genocide.
The military forces killed everybody in sight on the footpath and destroyed everything on their way. The tanks roared through the streets of Dhaka blasting indiscriminately at the people and official and residential buildings. They gunned down clusters of settlements and set fire on them. Scores of artillery bursts were pounded, while the tanks rumbled into the city roaring the main streets. The student halls of residence at Dhaka University were raided and numerous students residing there were brutally killed and maimed. They also killed many teachers of Dhaka University. The Hindu concentrated areas of old Dhaka were particularly targeted. They started killing the people, burnt their houses, looted their valuables and raped their women. The genocide that was perpetrated on the unarmed people was flashed in the world press.
On 26 March Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was taken prisoner by the Pakistan army. At about the same time, Major ziaur rahman announced Bangladesh's independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujib from Kalurghat radio station at Chittagong.
There were spontaneous uprisings throughout Bangladesh following the call of independence. These uprisings were participated by government officials, political activists, students, workers, peasants, professionals and members of the public. After initial resistance, many freedom fighters crossed over into Indian territory to have safe sanctuary, due mainly to the enemy's overwhelming superiority of trained soldiers and modern weapons. The scattered and temporarily retreating rudimentary liberation forces were soon brought under a unified command.
On 4 April, the senior officers of the liberation army assembled at the headquarters of 2nd East Bengal at Teliapara, a semi hilly area covered by tea gardens where Colonel MAG Osmany, Lieutenant Colonel Abdur Rob, Lieutenant Colonel Salahuddin Mohammad Reja, Major Kazi Nuruzzaman, Major khaled mosharraf, Major Nurul Islam, Major Shafat Jamil, Major Mainul Hossain Chowdhury and others were present. In this meeting four senior commanders were entrusted with the responsibility of operational areas. Sylhet-Brahmanbaria area was placed under the command of Major Shafiullah. Comilla-Noakhali area was given to Major Khaled Mosharraf while Chittagong-Chittagong Hill Tracts was given to Major Ziaur Rahman. Kushtia-Jessore area was placed under command of Major Abu Osman Chowdhury. In the meeting the organisational concept of the freedom fighter forces and the command structure were chalked out. Colonel MAG Osmany was to command the liberation forces, later named as mukti bahini.
An exile government called the People's Republic of Bangladesh alias mujibnagar government headed by tajuddin ahmed was formed on 10 April. On the next day Tajuddin Ahmed announced the names of three more regional commanders. Captain Newazish for Rangpur region, Major Najmul Haque for Dinajpur-Rajshahi-Pabna and Major Jalil for Barisal-Patuakhali region. All these regions were later named as sectors. All of Bangladesh was divided into eleven such sectors and different sub-sectors for operational purposes during the Sector Commander's conference held from 10 to 17 July 1971.
On 27 March, Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi expressed full support of her government to the freedom struggle of the Bengalis. Indian Border Security Force (BSF) opened Bangladesh-India border to allow the tortured and panick stricken Bengalis to have safe shelter in India. The governments of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura established refugee camps along the border. These camps became ready ground for recruitment of the freedom fighters. The students, peasants, workers and political activists joined the Mukti Bahini with high spirit to liberate Bangladesh from the Pakistan army. They were given training on tactics and the use of arms and explosives. On completion of training, they were posted to different sectors to fight the enemy. The headquarters of the Bangladesh Forces was established at 8 Theatre Road, Calcutta which started functioning from 12 April 1971. Lieutenant Colonel M A Rab and Group Captain A K Khandaker were appointed as Chief of Staff and Deputy Chief of Staff respectively.
Besides Mukti Bahini, many other bahinis were organised inside Bangladesh at different places to fight Pakistan Army. These Bahinis included Kader Bahini of Tangail, Latif Mirza Bahini of Sirajganj, Akbar Hossain Bahini of Jhinaidah, Hemayet Bahini of Faridpur, Quddus Molla and Gafur Bahini of Barisal, Afsar Bahini of Mymensingh and Aftab Bahini of Mymensingh. A crack platoon consisting of daring youths operated most valiantly in Dhaka city as well. These bahinis were established as a local force based on their own strength taking part in a number of battles with the occupation army. Siraj Sikdar, leader of Sorbohara Party, also organised his force in Barisal. Another Bahini named as Mujib Bahini was organised in India with the active assistance of Major General Oban of the Indian army an expert on guerilla warfare. Mujib Bahini was trained at Dehradun. Student League leaders sheikh fazlul haq mani, Tofael Ahmed, Abdur Razzak and Sirajul Alam Khan were organisers of this Bahini.
Mukti Bahini consisted of the regular and the irregular forces. The regulars were later called 'Niomita Bahini' (regular force) and the irregulars were called 'Gono Bahini' (people's Force). The regulars included East Bengal Regiment and EPR troops. The irregular forces, which after initial training joined different sectors, consisted of the students, peasants, workers and political activists.
Irregular forces were inducted inside Bangladesh territory to adopt guerilla warfare against the enemy. The regular forces were engaged in fighting in conventional way. The first conventional brigade named as 'Z' Force was created in July. Major Ziaur Rahman was appointed commander of this brigade and the brigade was named as 'Z' Force after the first letter of his name. This brigade consisted of 1, 3 and 8 East Bengal. Second regular brigade 'S' Force was created in October and consisted of 2 and 11 East Bengal. 'S' Force was named after the initial letter of the name of its commander Shafiullah. Similarly the 'K' Force created with 4, 9 and 10 East Bengal which was commanded by Khaled Mosharraf.
Bangladesh Air Force, which was organised by Air Commodore A K Khondaker, was created in Dimapur of Nagaland on 28 September. Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud, Flight Lieutenant Badrul Alam, Captain Khaleq, Sattar, Shahabuddin, Mukit, Akram and Sharfuddin and 67 airmen initially joined the Bangladesh Air Force, which had only few Dakota, Auter type air plane and Aluvet helicopters.
Similarly, Bangladesh Navy was also established with the Naval troops deserted from the Pakistan Navy. On 9 November 1971, the first naval fleet 'Bangabandhu Naubohar' consisting of six small ships was inaugurated. The command structure of the Bangladesh Forces was fully organised with the regular brigades, sector troops and guerilla forces, the Bangladesh Airforce and the Navy. The Mukti Bahini had fought many successful battles in putting up initial resistance. But within a short time, they were temporarily contained by the Pakistan army and were compelled to withdraw to the safe sanctuary in the Indian territory. The Mukti Bahini was, however, re-equipped, reorganised and retrained. As a result, it got into fighting with fresh zeal after April-May 1971.
At the international level, the United States and the People's Republic of China considered the crisis as an internal affair of Pakistan. On the other hand, India, Soviet Union and her allies and general masses in Japan, and Western countries stood solidly behind Bangladesh. In order to gain strategic advantage vis-a-vis Sino-US-Pakistan axis, Indo-Soviet Friendship Treaty was signed on 9 August 1971. It provided a new dimension to the War of Liberation.
Having realised that the Pakistan army could not be defeated by conventional warfare method, it was decided to create large guerilla forces all over the country. All Sector commanders were accordingly ordered to recruit, train and induct guerillas inside the country.
The joint command of the Mukti Bahini and the Indian army was underway from November 1971. Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, Commander, Eastern Command of Indian Army, became the commander of the joint forces. The joint command of the Mukti Bahini and the Indian Army, however, started operation from the evening of 3 December, when the Pakistan Air Force bombed Amritsar, Sree Nagar and the Kashmir valley. Immediately, the Indian armed forces were ordered to hit back the Pakistan army and thus the Indo-Pak war broke out. The Mukti Bahini and the Indian army continued advancing inside Bangladesh and the defeat and surrender of the Pakistan army became a matter of time. International efforts for a cease-fire before Bangladesh is fully liberated failed due to Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.
The Indian troops and the freedom fighters of No 11 Sector reached Tongi on 14 December and Savar in the morning of 16 December. Major General Jamshed, commander 36 Division of the Pakistan Army received Major General Nagra at Mirpur Bridge near Dhaka City. The Mukti Bahini and the Indian forces entered Dhaka city at 10.10 a. m. Major General Jacob, the Chief of Staff of the Indian Eastern command landed at Dhaka airport at 1 p.m. with the draft instrument of surrender. A fleet of helicopters landed on the tarmac of Dhaka airport at about 4 p.m. with Lieutenant General Aurora and his staff. Group Captain AK Khandaker, Deputy Chief of Staff, Bangladesh Forces represented the Mukti Bahini. Lieutenant General AAK Niazi received Lieutenant General Aurora. The instrument of surrender was signed by Lieutenant Jagit Sing Aurora and Lieutenant General Niazi at the ramna racecourse (now Suhrawardy Uddyan) at one minute past 5 p.m. on 16 December 1971. [Rafiqul Islam]
Sectors of the War of Liberation In the War of Liberation in 1971 the whole geographical area of the then East Pakistan was strategically divided into eleven sectors with a sector commander for each of them. For better efficiency in military operations each of the sectors were divided into a number of sub-sectors under a commander.
Sector 1 comprised the districts of Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts, and the entire eastern area of the Noakhali district on the banks of the river Muhuri. The headquarters of the sector was at Harina. The sector commander was Major Ziaur Rahman, later replaced by Major Rafiqul Islam. The five sub-sectors of this sector (and their commanders) were: Rishimukh (Captain Shamsul Islam); Sreenagar (Captain Matiur Rahman, later replaced by Captain Mahfuzur Rahman); Manughat (Captain Mahfuzur Rahman); Tabalchhari (Subedar Ali Hossain); and Dimagiri (a Subedar, whose name is not known).
A contingent of nearly ten thousand freedom fighters fought in this sector. They included about two thousand members of the EPR, police, army, nave and air forces and about eight thousand paramilitary troops. The guerilla fighters of this sector were deputed to operate inside the country in 137 groups.
Sector 2 comprised the districts of Dhaka, Comilla, and Faridpur, and part of Noakhali district. The sector commander was Major Khaled Mosharraf, later replaced by Major ATM Haider. About thirty five thousand guerilla fighters fought in this sector. Nearly six thousand of them were members of regular armed forces. The six sub-sectors of this sector (and their commanders) were: Gaugasagar, Akhaura and Kasba (Mahbub, later replaced by Lieutenant Farooq, and Lieutenant Humayun Kabir); Mandabhav (Captain Gaffar); Shalda-nadi (Abdus Saleq Chowdhury); Matinagar (Lieutenant Didarul Alam); Nirbhoypur (Captain Akbar, later replaced by Lieutant Mahbub); and Rajnagar (Captain Jafar Imam, later replaced by Captain Shahid, and Lieutenant Imamuzzaman).
Sector 3 comprised the area between Churaman Kathi (near Sreemangal) and Sylhet in the north and Singerbil of Brahmanbaria in the south. The sector commander was Major KM Shafiullah, later replaced by Major ANM Nuruzzaman. Nineteen guerilla bases operated in this sector. By November 1971, the number of the guerilla fighters in the sector stood at nearly thirty thousand. The ten sub-sectors of this sector (and their commanders) were: Asrambari (Captain Aziz, later replaced by Captain Ejaz); Baghaibari (Captain Aziz, later replaced by Captain Ejaz); Hatkata (Captain Matiur Rahman); Simla (Captain Matin); Panchabati (Captain Nasim); Mantala (Captain MSA Bhuyan); Vijoynagar (Captain MSA Bhuyan); Kalachhora (Lieutenant Majumdar); Kalkalia (Lieutenant Golam Helal Morshed); and Bamutia (Lieutenant Sayeed).
Sector 4 comprised the area from Habiganj sub-division of Sylhet district on the north to Kanaighat Police Station on the south along the 100 mile long border with India. The sector commander was Major Chittarajan Datta, later replaced by Captain A Rab. The headquarters of the sector was initially at Karimganj and later at Masimpur. The freedom fighters in this sector included about nine thousand guerilla fighters and about four thousand regular members of the armed forces. The six sub-sectors of this sector (and their commanders) were: Jalalpur (Masudur Rab Sadi); Barapunji (Captain A Rab); Amlasid (Lieutenant Zahir); Kukital (Flight Lieutenant Kader, later replaced by Captain Shariful Haq); Kailas Shahar (Lieutenant Wakiuzzaman); and Kamalpur (Captain Enam).
Sector 5 comprised the area from Durgapur to Danki (Tamabil) of Sylhet district and the entire area upto the eastern borders of the district. Sector commander was Major Mir Shawkat Ali. The headquarters of the sector was at Banshtala. The six sub-sectors of this sector (and their commanders) were: Muktapur (Subedar Nazir Hossain, freedom fighter Faruq was second in command); Dauki (Subedar Major BR Chowdhury); Shela (Captain Helal, who had two assistant commanders, Lieutenant Mahbubar Rahman and Lieutenant Abdur Rauf); Bholajanj (Lieutenant Taheruddin Akhunji who had Lieutenant SM Khaled as assistant commander); Balat (Subedar Ghani, later replaced by Captain Salahuddin and freedom fighter Enanmul Haq Chowdhury); and Barachhara (Captain Muslim Uddin).
Sector 6 comprised Rangpur district and part of Dinajpur district. Wing Commander M Khdemul Bashar was the sector commander. The headquarters of the sector was at Burimari near Patgram. The number of soldiers in this sector was 700, which rose to about eleven thousand in December. The five sub-sectors of the sector (and their commanders were: Bhajanpur (Captain Nazrul, later replaced by Squadron leader Sadruddin and Captain Shahriyar); Patgram (initially, some junior commissioned officers of the EPR and later, Captain Matiur Rahman); Sahebganj (Captain Nawazesh Uddin); Mogalhat (Captain Delwar); and Chilahati (Flight Lieutenant Iqbal).
Sector 7 comprised the districts of Rajshahi, Pabna, Bogra and part of Dinajpur district. The sector commander was Major Nazrul Haq, later replaced by Subedar Major A Rab and Kazi Nuruzzaman. The headquarters of the sector was at Taranngapur. About fifteen thousand freedom fighters fought in this sector. The eight sub-sectors of the sector (and their commanders were): Malan (initially some junior commanding officers and later, Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir); Tapan (Major Nazmul Haq, later replaced by some junior commanding officers of the EPR); Mehdipur (Subedar Iliyas, later replaced by Captain Mahiuddin Jahangir); Hamzapur (Captain Idris); Anginabad (a freedom fighter); Sheikhpara (Captain Rashid); Thokrabari (Subedar Muazzam); and Lalgola (Captain Gheyasuddin Chowdhury).
Sector 8 In April 1971, the operational area of the sector comprised the districts of Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Faridpur and Patuakhali. At the end of May the sector was reconstituted and comprised the districts of Kusthia, Jessore and Khulna districts, Satkhira sub-division, and the northern part of Faridpur district. The sector commander was Major Abu Osman Chowdhury, later replaced by Major MA Manzur. The headquarters of the sector was at Benapole. About ten thousand freedom fighters fought in this sector. The seven sub-sectors of the sector (and their commanders) were: Boyra (Captain Khondakar Nazmul Huda); Hakimpur (Captain Shafiq Ullah); Bhomra (Captain Salahuddin later replaced by Captain Shahabuddin); Lalbazar (Captain AR Azam Chowdhury); Banpur (Captain Mostafizur Rahman); Benapole (Captain Abdul Halim, later replaced by Captain Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury); and Shikarpur (Captain Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury, later replaced by Lieutenant Jahangir).
Sector 9 comprised the districts of Barisal and Patuakhali, and parts of the district of Khulna and Faridpur. The sector commander was Major ma jalil, later replaced by Major MA Manzur and Major Joynal Abedin. The three sub-sectors of the sector were: Taki, Hingalganj, and Shamshernagar.
Sector 10 This sector was constituted with the naval commandos. Eight Bengali officers of Pakistan Navy trained in France were the pioneers in forming this force. These officers were Ghazi Mohammad Rahmatullah (Chief Petty Officer), Syed Mosharraf Hossain (Petty Officer), Amin Ullah Sheikh (Petty Officer); Ahsan Ullah (M E-1), AW Chowdhury (RO-1), Badiul Alam (ME-1), AR Miah (EN-1), Abedur Rahman (Steward-1). These eight officers were given special training on the river Jamuna near Delhi under the auspices of the Indian Navy. The force was later commanded by Indian commander MN Sumanta.
Sector 11 comprised the districts of Mymensingh and Tangail, Major M Abu Taher was the sector commander. After Major Taher was seriously wounded in a battle, he was replaced by Squadron Leader Hamidullah. The headquarters of the sector was at Mahendraganj. About twenty five thousand freedom fighters fought in this sector. The eight sub-sectors of the sector (and their commanders) were: Mankarchar (Squadron Leader Hamidullah); Mahendraganj (Lieutenant Mannan); Purakhasia (Lieutenant Hashem); Dhalu (Lieutenant Taher, later replaced by Lieutenant Kamal); Rangra (Matiur Rahman); Shivabari (some junior commanding officers of the EPR); Bagmara (some junior commanding officers of the EPR); and Maheshkhola (a member of the EPR).

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

One drop of blood will be taken from the child's finger. The boy's face is normal but notices the mother's face. The mother is a wonderful gift for all us. Without them, the world will stop.
Pure and unique love and bond of all mothers amazes me. We should appreciate our mother at all time and pray to almighty at all the time for her well being.
Mother's unconditional love has no string attached.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

Changes to the map of Bangladesh due to rising new island in the Bay of Bengal.

Rising islands in the Bay of Bengal has gradually become the permanent land.

In the past four decades, thousands of square kilometers of new lands have been added to Bangladesh.

The exact account was not available for a survey yet. But the amount of this land is huge.

It is estimated that the new land is already extended into one-tenth of Bangladesh's mainland.

Among them, Chittagong, Noakhali, Cox's Bazar, Patuakhali, Feni and Bhola are estimated to have a new land of tens of thousands of square kilometers.

The new land has been built surround Sandeep is 148 square kilometers, just over the last half a decade.

40 permanent new islands have been found on the bank of Meghna coast, approximately about 2 thousand square kilometers.

In Meghna, there are more than 75 new rising island has been added to the survey list.

As such there has seen a possibility of getting half of the new land in current Bangladesh in the next two decades.

The local says the new land amount not only added the country's landmass, but also new possibilities and fulfilling dreams.

The new rising land has met the demand for foreign investment when they need a bigger land, to make a bigger project inside the country.

The government has planned to create economic zones for foreign investment in Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Fenni into the new rising land. The new grounds were taken from the Forestry Department's new forestry project too.

It is an opportunity, not just at the official level, but a dream fulfilled by marginalized people. People without land of living started to make their houses and the farmers of landless have started agriculture on these extended grounds.

The studies of the Government Research Institute for Environment and Geographical Information Services (SIGIS) said in 2008, the amount of waking up to the rising island is much higher than 1973 in the country, which has a new 597 square kilometer.

At this time, a breakdown of 1 thousand square kilometers of land has been recalled, up from 1 thousand to 642 square kilometers. Later in 2013, government agencies at the land Resources Development Institute said studies have woken up to a new land of 5 thousand 471 square kilometers of different coastal range from 1971 to 2010.

It has been classified by the government from 2000 to 2010. Nijhum Island, Charkbira, Charalim, Sagaria, Uchkhali, New Dalchar, kerring Charasah have been able to connect with the mainland.

The new land in Nizum Dip, Chorkobira, Choralim, Shagoria, UchKhali, and Kering island holds about 5 thousand square kilometers lands in the Noakhali district around this time.

Now in Urirchar a cross dam initiative has been taking to connect the mainland to the Sandip mainland. It will be possible to connect together rising land in the future. It is known that the new land benefits from 1970, due to creating different cross dams.

The Cross dam make possible with the help of the Netherlands.

The Water Development Board, Forestry Department, Ministry of Land, Agricultural Department, and some other government offices are working together to the rising land and land properties and make it into the permanent land.

In this case, they block the coastal area through the installation of dams and cross dams first, when water ran away and turn zero, it creates new land by clogging the poli soil.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

Bangladesh, to the east of India on the Bay of Bengal, is a South Asian country marked by lush greenery and many waterways.

More than 230 rivers run through the country. Its Padma (Ganges), Meghna and Jamuna rivers create fertile plains, and travel by boat is very common.

On the southern coast, the Sundarbans, an enormous mangrove forest shared with Eastern India, is home to the royal Bengal tiger.

120 killometers of sandy beach make it one of the biggest tourist spots in Asia.

The Coxesbazzar, the beach of Bay of Bengal makes it a biggest sandy land beach of the world.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

This is the first industry stage robotic Car-Using Line following concept in Bangladesh to work with a robot. Industry stage concept is created by the team "Duet Rising Stars".

Duet Rising Stars Industry stage concept robotter's notable features:

1. Can carry a weight of around 100 kg.

2. Sense any object or barrier on the way to that behavior.

3. The loading of the operators makes a specific behavior on the basis of the call.

4. The anloading of goods follows the shortest distance route, etc.

Duet rising Stars teams have achieved the glory of two robotic Compitishne (autonomous event) champions in the national stage, and these two runner up.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

Chandpur District is an administrative region of Chittagong Division of the south-east of Bangladesh. Padma, Meghna and Dakatiya River joint together at the bay of chandpur District.

The people Chandpur are famous for hospitality. As a breeding area of elish (hilsha) fish, Chandpur is called "Ilisher House". Until 1984, it was part of the greater Comilla.

In the History of naming Chandpur

At the Time of Bar Bhuiya the Chandpur area was under the tax rular of Bikrampur jomidur. He set up a governing control in this region. According to Historic J. M. Sengupta, by the name of Chandray region name become Chandpur.

Another opinion, by the name of Chand Fakir from Purindpur mahalla, Chandpur City, Coralia region name has been taken as Chandpur. According to other opinion, an administrator with the name of Shah Ahmed Chand, come here from Delhi in the 15th century. city named as Chandpur to his honour.

Bangladesh National Fish is Hilsha. According to World Fisher Observation, 65 percent of the world's total hilsha fish are generated in Bangladesh. In India 15 percent, 10 percent in Myanmar, the Arabian Sea is Elish and the rest of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean countries are caught.

Hilsha fish production from 11 countries, only Bangladesh Hilsha fish production is fastest growing. It is due to geographic location and deep rivers of Padma than the production in 11 countries in the world.

But this time Hilsha fish has been recognized as a product of Bangladesh's patent, design and Trademark's Directorate. As a result, demand for Hilsh fish in international region is strong.

Bangladesh's Hilsha fish has been recognized as the product of geographical indicator (GI).

As a result, Hilsha fish will be recognized as a product of Bangladesh in the middle of the globe.

The patent design also confirmed the recognition of the trademark Office. The directorate said all processes of Hilsha fish registration have been completed in the form of geographical indicator products.

There are 8 Upazilas(Sub-District), 7 Municipalities, 60 Wards, 275 Mahalla, 89 Unions and 1226 Villages in Chandpur district.

**8 Upazilas(Sub-District) in Chandpur district are as follows:

1. Chandpur Sadar Upazila
2. Hajiganj Upazila
3. Kachua Upazila
4. Faridganj Upazila
5. Mutalat North Upazila
6. Mutlab South Upazila
7. Haimchar Upazila
8. Shahrasti Upazila

**7 Municipalities of Chandpur District are as follows:

1. Chandpur Municipality
2. Hajiganj Municipality
3. Kachua Municipality
4. Faridganj Municipality
5. Mutlab North Municipality
6. Mutlab South Municipality
7. Shahrasti Municipality

*Total of 89 Unions in Chandpur district:

Chandpur Municipality: Total 14 Unions. They are as follows:

Vishnupur, Ashiqati, Kalyanpur, Shah Mahmoodpur, Rampur, Moishadi, Tarpurchandi, Bagadi, Balia, Rajkumar, Ibrahimpur, Chandra, Hanachar and Rajrajeshwar.

Hajiganj Municipality: Total 12 Unions. They are as follows:

Rajargaon North, Bakila, Kalchoon North, Kalchoon South, Hajiganj Sadar, Barkul East, Barkul West, Hatila East, Sughtarpur North, Sughtarpur South, Hatila West and 12 villages (New).

Kachua Municipality: Total 12 Unions. They are as follows:

Sachar, Pathair, Bitara, Palakhale, Sahadepur West, Kachua North, Kachua South, Kadla, Kadya, Gohat North, Gohat South and Ashrafpur.

Faridganj Municipality: Total 15 Unions. They are as follows:

Balithuba West, Balithuba East, Subidpur East, Subidpur West, Gupti East, Gupti West, Pikepara North, Pikepara South, Gobindpur North, Gobindpur South, Char Sadia East, Char Sadiya West, Faridganj South, Rupsa North and Rupsa South.

Mutlab North Municipality: Total 14 Unions. They are as follows:

Sattnal, Baganbari, Sadullahpur, Durgapur, Kalakanda, Mohanpur, Ekhlachpur, Zaheerabad, Fatpur East, Fatehpur West, Faraji Kandi, Islamabad, Sultanabad and Gajra.

Mutlab South Municipality: Total 6 Unions. They are as follows:

Nayergaon North, Nayergaon South, Khadergaon, Narayanpur, Upadi North and Upadi South.

Hymchar: Total 6 Unions. They are as follows:

Gazipur, Algi Durgapur North, Algi Durgapur South, Nilkamal, Haimchar and Char Bhairabi.

Shahrasti Municipality: Total 10 Unions. They are as follows:

Tamta North, Tamta South, Meher North, Meher South, Raysri North, Raysri South, Indexpara North, Indexpara South, Chitoshi East and Chitoshi West.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

The humanitarian crisis caused by escalating violence in Myanmar’s Rakhine State is causing suffering on a catastrophic scale. Estimated 905,000 refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.

Since Aug. 25, 2017, about 700,000 people from Myanmar have fled to Bangladesh because of extreme violence in northern Rakhine state, on the country’s western Bay of Bengal coast. They arrived with injuries caused by gunshots, shrapnel, fire and landmines.

Most of the Myanmar refugees identify as Rohingya, a Muslim minority ethnic group, in predominantly Buddhist Myanmar. Flooding into camps near the town of Cox’s Bazar, they joined more than 200,000 people who escaped to Bangladesh years earlier.

Refugee children are generally at high risk of disease and malnutrition, physical harm and violence. Since heavy monsoon rains began in early June, conditions have worsened.

We should all support the good cause and support the government of Bangladesh for the big heart, country has shown and showing towards Rohingya refugees.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

What a shameful bloody day at the start of month of August 2018 for Bangladesh

Kids are protesting on the street of Bangladesh and they are taking the law and order of the country into their hands is not acceptable by any civil society.

This is a total inability of our government to manage the country. Putting youngster into the street, a total failure, total inability, total corruption of the government.

The government should shut down and put the management of the country to somebody else. Bangladesh is not a war-torn country. Democracy you have earn it by reapplying it through the process flow.

Those kids has seen it all, what's future we aspect from those kids. It is total government fault, that government is making some of the future terrorist among those kids.

Kids should to be playing and having fun with their lives, not going through the stress, danger and phsyological changes currently they are in. Kids should be growup as kids with the support of our parents.

Knowledge is the first and formost criteria in Islam. If management of the country does not have it, they should not be in this profession. Politics and politicians of Bangladesh has not right to put our kids into danager.

Highlighted note: Kids are the backbone of any country's future foundation. What kind of future generation, we are creating? Stay in power by sacrifising severe consequences in future not a longlasting political ideology?

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the overall pond area is 1,46,890 ha and ox-bow lakes (baors) are 5,488 ha.

Bangladesh is considered one of the most suitable regions for fisheries in the world, with the world's largest flooded wetland and the third largest aquatic biodiversity in Asia after China and India.

Bangladeshi inland fisheries, primarily in the inland aquaculture sector play a great role to boost Bangladesh to 1st in world auaculcure production by 2020. This increase in the aquaculture production has been made possible with the implementation of scientific and technological modernization.

From 2000 and 2016, aquaculture production increased from 712,640 and 2,060,408 metric ton,a much larger quantity than wild capture production (1.023 million t) in 2016.

Name of Fish that grows and cultivates are as follows:

Rui (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), Kalibaus (Labeo calbasu), Bata (Labeo Bata), Ghonia (Labeo gonius),Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Other Exotic Carp, Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), Boal/Air (Wallago attu/Sperata aor/Sperata seenghala), Shol/Gazar/Taki (Channa striatus/C. marulius/C. punctatus), Koi (Anabas testudineus), Singi/Magur (Heteropneustes fossilis/Clarias batrachus), Big Prawn, Small Prawn,Tilapia/Nilotica (Oreochromis mossambicus/O. niloticus), Sarpunti (Puntius sarana) and other Fish.

Aquaculture is the farming of fish and other aquatic organisms, with ‘farming’ implying some form of intervention to increase productions, and some form of private rights of the stock under intervention.

Two types of aquaculture practices are going on in Bangladesh such as, freshwater and coastal aquaculture.

Freshwater aquaculture is mainly comprised of pond farming of carps (indigenous and exotic), Mekong pangasid catfish, tilapia, Mekong climbing perch, and a number of other domesticated fish, though in lesser scale. Coastal aquaculture is mainly comprised of shrimp and prawn farming in ghers (coastal pond or enclosures).

The inland aquaculture has generally experienced the fastest growth, with the establishment of new technologies, species, and intensification and improvement of farming, particularly in pond aquaculture, entirely over the country.

There has also been a recent increase in the value of fishery exports, with more than US $34.08 billion in 2010 rising to more than US $46.60 billion in 2015. However, fisheries production is well below production targets despite the large gains seen in the aquaculture sector.

Aquaculture now provides around half the fish for direct human consumption in Bangladesh and is set to grow further. Aquaculture industry contributes to the economy with increasing production capacity and high export opportunities.

Over the last 12 years, the average growth rate of fisheries is 5.4%, while aquaculture has grown 8.2%. This recent and rapid development has boosted Bangladesh to 3rd in world aquaculture production (DoF, 2018).

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

The Culture of Bangladesh & conection to the folk song is refers to the way of life of the people of Bangladesh.

It has evolved over the centuries and encompasses the cultural diversity of several social groups of Bangladesh.

The folk song with lyrics rooted in vibrant tradition and spirituality, mysticism, and devotion.

The most prevalent folk songs and music traditions include Bhatiali, Baul, Marfati, Murshidi, and Bhawaiya.

Such folk songs revolve around other themes, into our blood, including love. This is unique to the root culture of our nation. Gold mine of that richness and uniqueness, you will not find any where alse.

Valuable research on folk literature has also been carried on by Abul Kalam Muhammad Zakaria, Ashraf Siddiqui, Mazharul Islam, Abdus Sattar, Wakil Ahmed, Abdul Hafiz, Anwarul Karim, Khondkar Reazul Huq, SM Lutfur Rahman and Abul Ahsan Choudhury.
Those who worked on linguistics were Mohammad Abdul Qayyum, Rafiqul Islam, Abul Kalam Manjoor Morshed, Mansur Musa, Humayun Azad, Daniul Huq and Moniruzzaman

We should be proud and promote that culture & hold it for the next generation to come.

Details: Written by Super User; Category: Bangladesh

Bangladesh benefits as Trade War takes Hold between USA and rest of the world

Major key Benefits are as follows:
1. China slapped a 25 per cent retaliatory duty on over 100 US goods and commodities, including cotton. Global commodity prices for cotton have been on a downward trend since then.
The US is one of the largest cotton producers and imposition of tariffs is expected to decelerate the pace of its raw cotton exports. Bangladesh is the largest importer of cotton. Lower price, higher profit from garment insustries.

2. Bangladesh’s capital market, third-largest in South Asia, turns out to be the latest turf in the strategic rivalry between China and India. Bourses from both countries are bidding for a 25% share of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), which is courting foreign investment as part of its demutualization process. While the DSE board initially approved the Chinese proposal, the country’s financial regulatory commission appears to be in favor of India’s bid, making it yet another power play between the two Asian giants.

3. China lowered commitments to buy 366,000 metric tons of U.S. soybeans in the season that ends Aug. 31 2018 and cut purchases by 66,000 tons in the following year. That’s according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data released Friday for the week ended June 28, 2018 About 60,000 tons originally slated for China this season will now go to Bangladesh and another 60,000 tons to Pakistan.

4. China and Bangladesh has also been on the upswing. Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Bangladesh in 2016 and sealed numerous deals worth almost $15 billion.

5. China will "compel" Saudi Arabia to trade oil in yuan and, when this happens, the rest of the oil market will follow suit and abandon the U.S. dollar as the world's reserve currency, a leading economist told CNBC on Monday, July, 02-2018.

Moving oil trade out of dollars into yuan will take right now between $600 billion and $800 billion worth of transactions out of the dollar. It is a growth plus for China and that's why they want this to happen.

More to come as we follow the market...